Saturated Fat Does NOT Cause Heart Disease - A Thorough Evaluation Of The Literature.

EDIT: December 2011 - The previous version of the article was much too long, filled with unnecessary references and graphs. My main points were led astray by unintended digression and general waffling. For these reasons it behooved me to rework the article. This revision collates a sizeable portion of all major studies to date and exactingly examines them. The result is a sharper piece that systematically annihilates the great falsehood that saturated fat causes heart disease.

Vegetarians live longer? Rubbish.

Much ado is made about vegetarians having a lower all-cause mortality or CHD mortality than non-vegetarians. Suffice it to say, this is all unfounded. No randomized controlled trial has ever been conducted comparing meat-eaters with vegetarians, so on what grounds do people conclude that meat is causally associated with disease? There is none, any argument for the superiority of a vegetarian dietary regimen is unsubstantiated. In this article, I systemically assess the literature we have so far and debunk the much propagated myth that vegetarians live longer than omnivores .

What you need to know about MILK

Hey, so I revisited my post on milk and decided to change a few things. The end result is a much shorter, more fully referenced article that is just better to read in totality. If you haven't read it I strongly suggest you do so. Peace.

My lack of postings!

Yo, just got off an exam block and a pretty stressful month altogether. I'm aware I haven't posted anything is yonkers and quite a number of people have requested articles. Holidays are coming up and I plan to put out a few so stay tuned.

Anyway I have been pretty busy defending my saturated fat and cholesterol article against alot of bashings. Mind you, most of which are poorly articulated, self-defeating and utterly vapid attacks that fundamentally lack even the slightest sense of cogency. This is for the most part of course, certainly not everyone.

And while many decide to diverge from the subject and prefer ad hominems instead, I still prove that a 16 year old with no background in science (let alone bio-chemistry) whatsoever, can maintain a tenable position on one of the most contentious subjects in modern science against people with degrees in biology and chemistry.

Hahaha oh internet, such is the devastating irony you have bred.


Ya, so keep your eyes peeled for some more posts in the coming weeks (days?) Till next time.

Why you are STALLING

Before I write the main article, I wanted to address this real quick. So lately I have been approached by many people who have this overwhelming desire to add in additional movements such as incline presses or other stupid shit like wrist curls to their otherwise sound workout plan. The simple answer you will get from me each time you ask if you can just "throw in a couple sets" is - DO NOT FUCK WITH THE PROGRAM.

For the sake of clarity, I'm not addressing those people who are on some fucking, fabricated-out-of-your-ass 6DAW-split because I really don't care as it won't change the fact your plan is already a piece of shit.

But if your on a good routine (e.g SL, SS) then yes, It's important you DON'T FUCK WITH THE PROGRAM. Why? Because adding/removing anything fundamentally alters your response to stress. That means recovery which means strength which means mass. It's that fucking simple. Routines such as SL-5x5 are created in a way that incorporates ever single muscular system and then prioritizes their need accordingly. You don't need to add shit in because "I don't feel my biceps are getting enough work", because there is a reason for that, and that reason is that biceps are fucking gay. Everything that is 'neglected' is with good reason, they are powerlifting programs, designed to bring up your squat, bench and deadlift. Not your biceps or calves or forearms or any other insignificant muscle group for that matter. If you have a problem with this, then feel free to make the changes as desired, but don't complain to me about it when you start stalling as frequently as me trying to drive a manual car.

This whole rule extends to just about everything outside your program. That means everything from including an incline movement to swapping the barbell to a dumbbell on a particular exercise. Just don't fucking do it. There is a reason for everything. Don't tell me shit about 'your bored' because that instantly concedes your lack of motivation and tells me indubitably that you shouldn't be lifting in the first place. Okay just had to clear that up.

So here's the main article. A couple of guys have told me they have stalled on the squat and asked me to write on it.

I understand squatting 3DAW is extremely stressful, but the fact is you shouldn't be stalling so soon. Both guys are at about 70-85KG in the squat and both have reported they have stalled for 3 sessions in a row. Now there are a couple of obvious reasons for this. 

1) SLEEP

Firstly, sleep is NOT just lower brain and body activity. Both our brain and our body do a lot of shit while we sleep: the most important memories and teachings of the day are stored in your memory, while other less important ones are discarded. Hormones are released, muscles repair, and everything gets re-evaluated during the process of sleep. It is a systemic consolidation period.

There is no question that sleep is important. In our natural habitat (think jungles), sleeping leaves us incredibly vulnerable. Yet, we do it, so surely, we must do something important in our sleep. And if we don't sleep? Well that's obvious. So its pretty fucking important. Got it?

Despite what has just been said, not that much is known about the functions or mechanisms of sleep. Most of what we know come from controversial studies on sleep deprivation, for example from Nazi concentration camps in WWII. We are much more advanced in describing sleep than we are explaining it, so I will mostly do the former.

There are two types of sleep: REM and non-REM (or NREM). REM stands for Rapid Eye Movement. Let's discuss each of these separately, since they are as far apart from each other as sleep is to awake.

During REM sleep, the motor neurons that command your muscles do not fire. Hence, no matter what your brain does, your body does not move (or moves very little). REM sleep can thus be described as a fully functional brain on a paralyzed body. Roughly 25% of the time you spend sleeping is spent in REM sleep, which amounts to roughly 2 hours per night. REM sleep gets its name from the fact that your eyes move around a lot under your closed eyelids.

Non-REM sleep is in many respects the opposite of REM sleep. Your brain is much less active than when awake, and your body is not paralyzed. Body-wise, it is thought that NREM sleep helps boost your immune system and it is the time during which your muscles do most of their growth. More specifically, deprivation of NREM sleep reduces the levels of growth hormone in adults.

See newborns? All they do is sleep and drink milk. Fucking madcunts. But seriously, babies sleep alot and this obviously explains why they develop so fast. Take home message? Make sure you get at least 8 hours. Actually, more importantly, make sure you get a deep, uninterrupted sleep. Having trouble sleeping? Have a glass (or a litre) of warm whole milk. Should knock you out good. 

2) Caloric Intake

I won't talk at length about this but basically, you have to eat to grow. You can't be eating like a fucking raccoon and expecting shit to happen. You need to provide your body with the tools to make repairs and to stay anabolic and in a positive nitrogen balance. You achieve this by eating very close to/at/or above your TDEE and make sure you get 1-1.5 grams of protein per POUND of bodyweight. It's not hard. The higher surplus you are in, the faster you will recover, which means the faster you will gain strength, then mass follows etc etc. Forget your fucking six-pack when your already at like under 8% bodyfat. I'm sorry, but quite simply,  it's not impressive. A six-pack on a skinny guy is like big tits on a fat chick - it doesn't count.

Take home message? Stop being a bitch and eat heaps. (Which actually means, drink more fucking whole milk!)

3) Extra activities

This is somewhat questionable but worth a mention. If your squatting 3 times a week and doing other forms of strenuous exercise on top of that like rugby training or sprinting, then this may impede on recovery. Generally, normal aerobic cardio such as basic jogs and walks should not be a problem. Actually they may be of benefit because aerobic activity circulates fresh blood to the muscles and this may subsequently aid with recovery. Take home message? Steer clear of  other forms of heavy lifting, sprinting and high impact sports as they may mess with recovery. But this shouldn't be a problem until you really start to push your 5RM's, and even then, the degree of hindrance is trivial. 

Conclusion

 

So yeah, I mean for most people the explanation for their premature stalling will lie with one of those three parameters, or a combination of them. Nobody should be stalling on the squat till past the 100's (where I first had mine). And even then this can be resolved quickly with one or two de-load sessions. As for your other lifts, I don't see why your deadlift shouldn't make it to 130+ without stalling as it's only 1x5 and uses large muscle groups. Your bench, row and press will all stall before the squat and deadlift for the reason that they utilize smaller muscle groups and smaller joints, ligaments and tendons. So recovery will become exponentially harder. But still, they should recover adequately.

I've had requests to do a write-up on milk so people can finally know why I keep raving on about it. And another request for a how-to squat article. So I'll get onto them when I have the time. Until then.

How to Deadlift

Sorry for no post in a while, been studying up on more saturated fat and cholesterol literature. But anyway this weeks article is on deadlifting.

i) The Name and Benefits

In the common gym circles, the "deadlift" is (unfortunately) often synonymous with a high risk of injury and often seen as generally precarious exercise. It's probably for this reason - more than any other, that the deadlift has been ostracized and neglected from most peoples training regiments.

This is a grave mistake as the deadlift offers an array of unique benefits. Ones that are manifested specifically in the deadlift per se, and cannot be achieved elsewhere. The deadlift works more muscles than any other exercise (even the squat). The efficacy of the deadlift lies in the fact that it's unequivocally the absolute greatest developer of the total posterior chain. No other exercise can conceivably produce the same effect, period.

The deadlift also works a shit-ton of muscles. Including but not limited to -  quads, hamstrings, glutes, abductors, erectors, lats, abs, traps, forearms and the tongue while yelling obscenities etc).

Another great thing is that the deadlift builds functional strength. This can be simple things like posture to more useful and practical things like picking up heavy objects off the ground.

The name itself is called a 'dead'-lift simply because the weight starts at the floor on each rep - at a dead stop. I'll discuss this more later but essentially you should not be bouncing the weight up (aka touch 'n' go). The deadlift is devoid from any stretch reflex, in theory this means there is no eccentric portion of the lift. This is why the deadlift is such a fucking hard exercise and will tax your muscular and nervous system like no other.

ii) The Setup

So, you have the loaded bar on the ground.  Now what?  Well before you decide to wrench your back into a question mark trying to pick the weight up, set it (and yourself) up correctly.  The setup is the most difficult and longest part of getting ready for any exercise.

iii) Bar Height

First, be sure that the bar you are using is around 8 inches.  This is the standard radius of a 45lb (20kg) plate from the edge of the plate to the edge of opening for the bar.  Optimally, you should use an Olympic barbell.

There are two reasons for using an Olympic bar: (a) you don't want the bar to bend and get destroyed and more importantly, (b) 1-inch plates (that fit on a regular bar) aren't the correct height.  If you lift less than 135lbs as many beginners do, unless you use training plates of the same height as 45lb plates, then you need to stack up some plates, or something that will give you a total height of ~ 8 inches.  When you have gotten the bar at the correct height then proceed.

iv) Stance

The most common stance to take is one with feet shoulder width apart and toes pointed slightly outward. For most people it is your static jumping position, which is the position in which you can achieve the greatest power output. We do not want to take an extra wide stance here because this is not a squat (forget sumo's). We also do not want an extra narrow stance because this eliminates any hip activation.  The toes pointing out slightly also aids hip activation and encourages the proper tracking of the knee.

To continue about stance, this part will be about distance from the bar.  The bar should be around 1 inch away from your shin when standing straight up. The bar should ideally be in the middle of your foot.  That is, not in the middle of the front part of your foot, but in the middle of your entire foot, from heel to toe. This will place the bar approximately an inch from your shin.  A little less or a little more depending on your proportions. At first this will seem that your hips are too high, but this fixes itself (read on).

v) Gripping and Preparing for the Pull

First, bend over with straight knees and grip the bar. Your hands should be on the outside of your knees, not too much further - in fact, they should be just far apart for you to clear your knees on the way up.  Grip the bar with a suitable grip (more on this later)

After gripping, bend the knees so that the shins touch the bar.  Do not move the bar, just touch it.  Your back will be bent now. Straighten it. This means flex your spinal erectors so that the lower back is flat. As a result your hips will come down a tad perfectly into position.  Keep your arms straight, the whole time, and raise the chest without looking up.  You should look slightly downward, but with a raised chest.  Imagine a tennis ball under your chin and you having to move your chest upwards to keep it there.

This next part is crucial, and it really helped me to get the form right.  Make sure that your scapula's are over the bar. Keeping your actual shoulder in front or behind the bar is subjective, so just choose what's comfortable. The arms will make approximately a 10 degree angle with the bar path.

If you done everything right, you should be in this exact position:

Notice that the arms are not hanging straight down.  They are angled.  Also take into account that because of this, you will have to engage the lats to keep the bar against your leg. The natural tendency will be to let it hang out, but that's wrong because the bar will not be over the mid food anymore. I will not go over the anatomical importance of this position as it exceeds the span of this guide, but know that it makes sense, and is correct.

Also notice that the shins are nearly straight. If this is necessary for the shoulder blades to be over the bar, and the bar to be over the mid foot, then so be it.

Now, tighten your upper back, take a deep breath, hold it (Valsalva Maneuver - very important) and get ready to PUSH.

vi) The Pull

Wait.... push?  That's right. Technically this is a pull, but it helps to think of it as a push. Think of driving your heels into the ground when you do the movement. The force transfers acutely through the heels and into the ground.  That is because the motion you first should think about is knee extension.

There are three angles to keep in mind. The torso to ground angle (aka back angle), the hip to ground angle (ground being an imaginary line that runs parallel to the ground splitting your torso and legs, that runs through your hips) and knee angle.  The knee angle opens up first.  This is accomplished by knee extension.  You will never correctly lift what your quads cannot handle, so these move first.  Keep the glutes tight as they aid the movement and subsequently the hip angle begins to open up and the bar brings to clear the knees.  Once it does the back angle now opens up and drags the bar up the thighs to the semi- lockout position. There is a lot of crossover with these movements, and the transition between them should be fluid and seamless. The knees do not fully extend until the bar is on the thighs, at this point, bring the hips back forward to complete the lift.

Remember - the lower back stays in rigid isometric contraction to keep the back angle the same. When the bar clears the knees the torque is reduced on the lower back so it is safe to lock out the knees, and tighten the glutes, bringing the hips forward and opening the back angle.

All the while, you should be keeping your shoulders down (unshrugged) and your back and arms tight.  Do not make any attempts to bend at the elbow and keep the bar against your leg the whole time.  Do not dig a trench into your leg, but keep the bar against the leg so that the bar path is as vertical as possible.  Also remember to keep the chest raised ('proud') and back straight the whole time.

vii) Lockout and Reset

Despite the hardest part being over, the lockout deserves its own section. Lockout is accomplished by having straight knees, straight arms, straight back, and looking forward.  Chest is still high. Do not shrug your shoulders. They are back, down and back. That is it. No extra fiddling is necessary. Do not hyper-extend or over-exaggerate the lockout as many people do. Not only can this injure your back, but you look like an idiot. Do not let your breath out yet.

To reset, simple do in reverse what you did to lift the bar, except faster since you're essentially doing a controlled drop of the bar.  Nevertheless, do not re-lift until the bar is safely on the floor and has no upwards kinetic energy due to any bounce.  Re-achieve the same position aforementioned.  Don't bend the knees too early or the bar will have to go around them and dig a hole in your shins.  What you essentially want is a vertical bar path.  Now let your breath out, assess your stance and grip, and correct any deviation, take a big breath and start again.

Troubleshooting

Read this at your discretion - I won't underline what's important because it's mostly all important and not everyone has these problems.

Grip:

Always go for double overhand as that is the easiest and most conventional.  For heavier pulls, you may want to switch to a mixed grip, but only do this after completely exhausting your double overhand (pronated).

When pulling with a mixed grip, do not attempt to flex the bicep of that arm. Use chalk if your hands are sweaty, this will do wonders for grip strength. Also, grip the bar close to the fingers (not palms) this reduces the formation of calluses.

A word on straps: use them only if the grip is seriously impeding your lifting.  Do not use them until your working set if anything, and if you can handle using a normal strapless grip (mixed or double overhand) do that instead. Obviously, if you use straps, use a double overhand grip for that.

Footwear:

Squatting/Olympic shoes are good (and expensive).  For most people, barefoot is the best, and next are compressible shoes such as a good old pair of Chucks.

Why you shouldn't bounce:

Bouncing is detrimental because it helps you out in the first few inches of the movement.  As diminutive as it may seem, this is actually very important. These few inches are what develops the lower back and legs the most. If you bounce, you don't work as hard in this part of the ROM, leading you to think you can increase weight whereas the reality is that you cannot. If you bounce, the first rep is always unbounced, while the successive reps are. So, when you increase weight you pull the first rep with a curved back since it is weak and cannot remain rigid, and throw your back.  Then you complain that deadlifts are dangerous and bad for your back when you're just doing the exercise wrong.

Why you shouldn't pull with bent arms:

Pulling with bent arms (elbow flexion) is a great way to tear your biceps.  Unless you can curl the weight that you deadlift (lol) the biceps will not be able to support all the force being put on it to open up while you give it the signal to close the elbow angle.  You telling it to contract and the bar prying it open is a recipe for disaster.  If you have particularly strong biceps, you can tear the tendon which is not only painful, but takes time to recuperate from.  So in sum, do not lift the bar with bent arms - especially while using a mixed grip as the tendency is greater then, when one of the palms faces up.

Final Words

The deadlift is an incredibly important exercise. Learn how to do the fucking thing then thank me later when your back looks like a rugged mountain. Anyway there is no point in me regurgitating myself, what has been said is pretty straight-forward, but if in any case you don't get something just hit me up.  And last but not least - drink your fucking whole milk. You are a baby mammal, do what your supposed to do.      - Nemo

How to add 10kg to your bench in 20 minutes.

By popular demand. I have mentioned briefly on occasion to some mates about how to fix your bench and get the most out of it but it seems they all want the full story.

Ill dissect the bench down, analyzing each part individually from when you first touch the bar to when you rack it.

1.0  SETUP

The most important part of the bench happens before you even touch the bar. I cant stress enough how important setting up properly is.

1.1  ARCH + UPPER-BACK

The arch. You probably already do it, but you also probably do it wrong. What you want to do firstly, is lay on the bench and start to develop a rigid arch and squeeze your shoulder blades together. This is imperative. Make sure your arching as hard as you can and as much bodyweight is resting on your upper-back (traps) as possible.

Now there should be distinct gap between your ass and upper-back. For a test, somebody should be able to pass their hand cleanly through the gap made by the arch and the bench.This is step one in getting tight. Remember to keep those shoulder blades squeezed together as hard as possible.

1.1.1  BENEFITS OF ARCHING

Arching lifts your whole chest up, this in effect reduces the ROM needed for the bar to travel. So the bars path is shortened, that's the first advantage. Next, arching as aforementioned raises your chest, this engages the lower portion of  your pectorals (similar to a decline bench) which are actually the strongest part of your pec. Thirdly, arching reinforces whole-body tightness. I cannot emphasis how important keeping tight is.

1.1.2  BENEFITS OF THE UPPER-BACK

Your upper-back is the platform on which your will press off. Make sure you get as much weight as you can resting on your traps and into the bench. This will create a solid base. This is vital. Secondly, squeezing your shoulder blades together pull your whole arms back, further reducing the ROM of your arm. The hardest part is keeping your shoulder-blades (scapula's) squeezed together. By resting as much bodyweight on them as possible, you can keep them from moving, but this takes practice.

1.2 LEGS

Legs your thinking. What relevance do they have to the bench press? A lot. Make sure your legs are on the ground to begin with. Also make sure you can push into the ground with them, if you find you cannot, force your feet back towards your head with the heels raised and toes on the ground and think about wrapping your legs around the bench and squeezing your ass. This will tighten your lower-body by keeping it firmly grounded into the bench and provide the necessary foundation for leg-drive to occur. But more on that later.

2.0  UNRACKING

Such a simple thing, but here's how to do it properly. So assuming you have done all the above, and you are properly set up and now, grab the bar ready to unrack. Take a comfortable grip, "ring finger on the ring" is a good gauge on where you want to have your hands. Whatever  is comfortable. Remember your shoulder-blades are squeezed together, unracking like you normally would is going to make them come apart because your arms are fully stretched grabbing the bar. The key is so unrack with your lats. Squeeze your fucking lats and pull it out of the pins so its directly above your head. Try your absolute hardest not to lose tension in your upper-back, it takes practice that's all.

3.0  DESCENT

The descent is very important, at this point all you want to be focusing on is not losing  the tightness you have created so far.

3.1  SQUEEZING THE BAR!

Very, very important. Squeeze the fucking bar! I mean, literally squeeze your palms together as hard as physically possible. Not only that, think about pulling the bar apart, so your hands are squeezing the shit out of the bar and simultaneously trying to pull the bar apart. Why all the squeezing? Well, as you sit reading this, clench your hands and squeeze your fists as hard as possible. What happens to your whole body? Everything contracts. Same analogy with the bench. By squeezing you are FURTHER reinforcing the tightening of your entire body. By pulling the bar apart, you are engaging your triceps more.

3.2  WRIST ALIGNMENT AND TUCKING

As you now descend, your wrists must be IN-LINE with your hands and your forearm should be perpendicular to the ground. This will allow for the best power-transfer through the bones. Its also safer. Next is tucking the elbow. DO NOT flare them out beside you as you descend because you run the risk of your hyper-extending your rotator cuff and severely injuring yourself. Instead, tuck your elbows in beside your ribs as you come down. As you descend, do not go in a straight line. Lower the bar to about your sternum or even lower. Why? Because this is where you have the best leverages. AS SOON as you feel the bar touch your shirt or skin, FUCKING PRESS like your life depends on it.

4.0  PRESSING

The next most important part of the bench is actually the press. There is alot to cover here.

4.1  MENTAL PROCESSES
What I mean here is what you are thinking. When pressing you should not be thinking about pushing the bar away from you, but rather, pushing your self into the bench (and through the floor). Of course, this is physically impossible, but it gives you the right frame of mind needed to press as hard as you can.

4.2  BREATHING

Breathing is not as important on the bench as it is on the squat and deadlift but it can help if done right. What your going for is the Valsalva Maneuver, which is pretty much taking a huge gulp of breath and holding it in your stomach, while pushing your abs . This creates IAP (Intra-Abdominal Pressure). This technique has a much more pronounced effect in the squat and deadlift (where is pretty much invaluable) but it can still help you keep your mid-section tight and your abs flexed. 

 4.3  LEG DRIVE

I mentioned this briefly before but this is also important. With your legs already in the positioned I mentioned in 1.2, think about pushing you feet into the ground. This will add stability to your lift and provide more power.

4.4  PRESSING WITH SUPER-COMPENSATORY ACCELERATION

What does super-compensatory acceleration mean? It means pressing the bar by overcompensating for acceleration. In other words - AS FAST AS YOU FUCKING CAN. Why so fast? Because Force = Mass x Acceleration. What we are looking for here is maximal force output, this can only be achieved by pressing as fast as you possibly can. This is very important.

4.5  PRESSING IN A "J" FASHION
Remember when I said to tuck and lower the bar to at least your sternum? Yep, well now we must press in a fashion that will exploit this position to our advantage. The key is to press in a backwards diagonal movement, then straight up. So pretty much  a "j", if you can imagine that. The diagonal angle backwards you press in will reflect how low you brought the bar down initially. People with longer arms will find it harder to tuck and therefore will not lower the bar as low as someone with short arms.

So that's about it. Finish the lift like a hero or go for reps whatever. It's alot to remember but keep doing mental checks in your brain at every stage of the lift and eventually it will become innate. So incorporate all this in your bench technique and expect to add anywhere from 5-10kg to your bench in about half an hour tops. I had a mate take his 3RM of 92.5kg to 105kg just by tweaking his technique as elucidated by this write-up.  Neemz.